The Reading Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Reading Crisis - Essay Example This decrease in the authority of perusing aptitudes is particularly common in young men. The Department of Education has announced that, for as far back as 30 years, young men have been scoring lower and lower on understanding tests and reliably score lower than young ladies around there (Pearson Toolkit). The effect of poor perusing abilities is extensive and durable. As per an article entitled â€Å"Early Literacy Development,† understudies with poor perusing abilities were connected to â€Å"poverty, wrongdoing, and unemployment† (National Dropout Prevention Center/Network). Also, in an examination directed by the American Educational Research Association, it was discovered that â€Å"a understudy who can’t read on grade level by third grade is multiple times less inclined to graduate by age 19 than a kid who reads capably by that time† (Sparks). Those with solid capability in perusing will in general experience more prominent money related and busines s achievement. There are a few unique prospects concerning what is making understudies battle with acing understanding abilities. The most compelling motivation has to do with educating systems. As per the article entitled â€Å"Boys and Reading,† young men need a bigger measure of guidance with regards to perusing as education aptitudes will in general create at a more slow rate for young men than for young ladies (Pearson Toolkit). ... ching perusing abilities in a successful way, as per the article entitled â€Å"Early Literacy Development.† Some of these strategies incorporate â€Å"phonics guidance, instructor read-alouds, a book-rich proficient condition, an assortment of perusing and composing exercises, shared perusing, and student’s perusing so anyone might hear to others† (National Dropout Prevention Center/Network). In an examination entitled â€Å"Increasing Reading Skills in Rural Areas: An Analysis of Three School Districts,† it was resolved that instructors need better preparing and backing so as to effectively show understanding educational plan and aptitudes to their understudies. The exploration inferred that accomplishing dominance of perusing abilities results in â€Å"exposure to a lot more noteworthy volume of material, and consequently creates a strikingly more prominent collection of jargon, language aptitudes, and general knowledge† (Stockard). The examinati on additionally inferred that the best sort of directions when it came to perusing was â€Å"systematic and express instruction.†(Stockard). This kind of guidance essentially makes a domain where instructors don't leave space for disarray with respect to what the exercise or objective of the exercise is. Such an educational program incorporates â€Å"clear instructional targets, displaying, guided and free practice with remedies, and appraisals inserted inside the instruction†(Stockard). So as to execute this sort of progress, it is basic that educators get preparing and support. In this specific investigation, the help was given to the educator by method of the National Institute for Direct Instruction. A â€Å"Implementation Manager† visited the school and effectively watched the teacher’s current technique for perusing instruction(Stockard). In the wake of noticing the difficult regions, the Implementation Manager invested energy instructing

Victim Profiling Is A Subject Criminology Essay

Casualty Profiling Is A Subject Criminology Essay Casualty profiling is a subject that has kept on drawing in a great deal of open creative mind. Numerous agents have examined human conduct and wrongdoing in the wide setting of casualty profiling. As of now, casualty profiling is certifiably not a subject that can be seen cryptically as a baffling strategy utilized by the U.S police power when looking to tackle wrongdoing. Its primary goal is to comprehend a wrongdoing from both the person in question and culprits points of view. It includes both analytical brain research and wrongdoing scene investigation. The subject has likewise gotten a great deal of media consideration as a procedure utilized by the police. As the police attempt to guarantee open wellbeing, they will utilize a few apparatuses to catch lawbreakers. Regardless of the huge advances made in casualty profiling, the method is described with different issues. Casualty profiling frameworks should be improved to guarantee it gives precise and dependable data. It ought t o be noticed that if casualty profiling is improved and appropriately executed, it will keep on being an important and energizing logical instrument for criminal examinations. Watchwords: Victim profiling, criminal examinations, wrongdoing scene Casualty Profiling Casualty profiling can be characterized as a lot of approaches and strategies used to anticipate the attributes of a unidentified guilty party through researching and investigating the proof got from the location of wrongdoing. By breaking down the location of wrongdoing, an examiner means to comprehend the character, segment and conduct attributes of the guilty party. The qualities acquired from the wrongdoing scene can be utilized to distinguish the standards of conduct of the obscure guilty party. The paper will address the issue of casualty profiling, issues that make it less successful and furthermore give proof of inadequacy. At long last, it will propose how these issues can be tended to so as to improve the viability of casualty profiling. Casualty profiling by and large decides the circumstances and logical results relationship viewpoints between the location of wrongdoing, casualty, witness and the guilty party. The method is for the most part utilized in wrongdoing scenes where the character of the wrongdoer isn't known and in genuine sorts of violations, for example, murder and assault. The procedure utilizes wrongdoing scene data to make a mental picture of the obscure culprit (Muller, 2000). A profiler will take data, for example, the condition of the wrongdoing scene, nature of weapons utilized and information disclosed or done to the casualty to think of a casualty profile. What's more, it can incorporate data, for example, geographic example of the wrongdoing, method of passage and exit from the wrongdoing scene and where the guilty party lives. The genuine procedure of casualty profiling may vary starting with one agent then onto the next relying upon ones degree of preparing. Be that as it may, the point of the procedure will even now continue as before which is to conclude the character, physical and conduct qualities of the culprit (Muller, 2000). It ought to be noticed that a casualty profile without anyone else won't get a lawbreaker or illuminate a wrongdoing. In any case, the profile will assume a major job in helping the police in their examinations. A casualty profile may not be exact in proposing with assurance the genuine culprit of a wrongdoing. In any case, it significantly helps the police by giving the correct heading in wrongdoing examination. For example, when the police have not discovered any leads in a wrongdoing, a casualty profile can demonstrate conceivably significant by proposing supportive indications which the police may have disregarded. As indicated by Muller (2000), there are a few wrongdoings where casualty profiling may not be fundamental. Notwithstanding, it is entirely appropriate in violations where the obscure wrongdoer deserts indications of psychopathology or in circumstances where the wrongdoing scene delineates some type of ceremonial or savage nature. There are a few methodologies of casualty profiling, for example, geographic profiling, wrongdoing scene examination, analytical brain science and symptomatic assessment. Indicative assessment fundamentally depends on clinical judgment. Wrongdoing scene examination approach is the most well known strategy of casualty profiling and was created by the Behavioral Science Unit of the American Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Wrongdoing scene examination approach depends on deductive thinking, natural reasoning and example distinguishing proof done by experienced specialists. Then again, analytical brain science depends on behaviorism. It depends on the key rule that the way wherein a wrongdoing is submitted can represent the social attributes of the guilty party (Young, 2006). Geographic profiling approach stresses on the wrongdoing scene area in giving guilty parties data. The Problems of Victim Profiling Since casualty profiling can't be viewed only as a science, discusses have been raised over its viability. There are different techniques for doing casualty profiling. Thus, differed suppositions have risen over which approach is viewed as the best. A few people question the logical legitimacy of a guilty parties casualty profile since it is seen that it is tremendously founded on mystery. For example, in a homicide case, the way wherein a casualties body is left can mean different things which may not so much be the equivalent considering the numerous variables that may should be taken a gander at. Along these lines, if casualty profiling isn't done precisely, it can produce wrong leads and lose examinations (Young, 2006). Over-speculations and generalizing can likewise affect on the adequacy of the casualty profiling strategy. For example, a cloud judgment might be utilized to reason that most guilty parties in assault cases are single men living with their folks. Be that as it may, this may not really be the situation and can prompt making a bogus casualty profile if the wrongdoer ends up being a hitched man with his own family. The other issue that blocks the validity of casualty profiling is absence of sufficient information or inadequate interpretive limit (Kocsis, 2007). These issues may miss the mark in giving a complete and exhaustive distinguishing proof of an obscure guilty party. This can be the situation considering the uniqueness of guilty parties factors, for example, the business as usual. The legitimacy of casualty profiling has developed as a significant issue. As per Kocsis (2007) the legitimacy of the method might be addressed since guilty parties data depends on recounted accounts. Regardless of the handiness of these records, they can't be certainly depended upon to affirm the legitimacy of casualty profiling. The greater part of these records are co-created by agents who may be driven by run of the mill human mind of accomplishment instead of disappointment (Kocsis, 2007). Subsequently, these episodic records may at times need target thinking which may influence the precision of the procedure. A few people have scrutinized the psycho-insightful procedures right now utilized in casualty profiling. These procedures depend on instincts/senses which influences the logical legitimacy of casualty profiling. Another issue in casualty profiling that should be tended to is the nonattendance of guideline. Because of absence of guideline, a few inconsistent articulations might be made on the media by unpracticed or self-selected profilers (Kocsis, 2007). Because of absence of guideline, incongruities exist in the degree of abilities required from a profiler. Likewise, variations in the expertise levels may influence the general nature of the procedure. Absence of consistency is the other issue looked in casualty profiling. For example, the classification utilized in portraying the procedure needs consistency. The procedure has been alluded to in numerous terms, for example, casualty profiling, criminal profiling, guilty party profiling, criminal character profiling and criminal mental profiling. The unwavering quality of information utilized in casualty profiling is a significant issue that influences its viability. The untrustworthy data depended upon may prompt mistakes consequently influencing the convenience of the procedures. The issue of temperamental information influences the notoriety of the method among experts. A few studies have contended that casualty profiling depends on bogus typologies not bolstered by experimental speculations. Because of issues related with its instability, it can prompt off base profiles which may wreck examinations or may prompt biasness towards an off-base suspect. Proof of its Ineffectiveness The 2002 Beltway Serial Sniper Shootings that occurred in Eastern United States as a proof of over-speculations engaged with casualty profiling. A few casualty profiles were made after the shootings. At the point when the suspects were later secured, it developed that the casualty profiles had little similitudes with the suspects. Another case of over-speculations in casualty profiling is the situation of Granny Killer which happened in Sydney, Australia in 1989(Kicses, 2007).The casualty profile distinguished the obscure executioner as a youthful male of African drop. At the point when the offender was in the end discovered, he ended up being an older Anglo-Saxon. Proof to represent absence of consistency can be seen in the few wordings used to allude to the procedure. The procedure doesn't have a uniform gauge of characterizing a sequential homicide. As indicated by Muller (2000) a few people order an individual who has executed two individuals as a sequential killer. To other people, one needs to have executed up to four individuals to turn into a sequential homicide. Accordingly, a cut-off point is vital of distinguishing whom to name as a sequential killer. Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) did an examination to decide the exactness of casualty profiles and the subjective contrasts among profilers in a progression of cases. The profilers included proficient profilers, analysts, understudies and criminologists. As indicated by the discoveries, the precision of the distinctive profilers changed relying upon the case researched. Profilers were seen as more exact than different gatherings in instances of sexual offense. In any case, the p

Lessons I Learned from a Suicidal Arsonist

Lessons I Learned from a Suicidal Arsonist On Friday, September 26, I set out to travel from New York City back home to Madison. I dutifully arose at 4:00 a.m. to meet a car service, arriving at the airport with plenty of time to spare. Boarding went smoothly and we left the gate. I looked forward to a 10:36 a.m. landing in my hometown after 3 days at a conference in Denver and a week with my family and friends. I had wonderful plans for Friday evening and Saturday. Then the announcement came: There has been a fire in the Chicago air traffic control tower. All flights in and out of Chicago have been delayed. The guy across the aisle from me began cursing and waving his fists around. I resolved to take the news better than he was taking it. After calling United twice and spending an hour on hold, I managed to get rebooked through Atlanta. But when I landed in Atlanta there were three voice mail messages advising me that my flight to Madison had been cancelled, and one informing me that I had been rebooked on a flight the next day through Washington D.C. I would, if all went as re-planned, arrive in Madison at 9:12 p.m. Saturday night. The punch line is, I made it home. But there’s more. Throughout this adventure, I learned or was reminded of some valuable life lessons. Here are some of them: One person can truly make a difference. That guy Brian Howard who set a fire in the Chicago air traffic control tower was one single man who managed to paralyze air travel across the country for two days. I’m guessing he also affected security measures at air traffic control towers throughout the world. Yet so many of us sit around thinking we can’t make a difference. What are the extreme positive acts you could take to change something you want to change? Surrender to what’s so. When faced with the prospect of spending the night in Atlanta, I was not thrilled. But since all flights to Madison, Milwaukee, Chicago and pretty much all areas surrounding were cancelled, I decided the best plan was to surrender. I got on a line for customer service, hoping there might be a hotel voucher for me if Atlanta was my only overnight option. An hour later I was at the counter, having had some lovely conversations with other stranded travelers, and discovered that there were no more hotel vouchers remaining, and that my flight to D.C. was that very night. Suddenly I had a new reality before me, and I accepted that one too. It’s amazing how much my stress level went down when I dealt with what was so instead of wishing it were another way! It’s good to have friends everywhere. Through a combination of college connections and my dance community, as well as other life adventures, I have built a network of friends and family in almost every major U.S. city (and some overseas cities as well). Drop me in New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Philadelphia, Austin, Tucson or Tel Aviv, and I will have a friendly place to lay my head. When I discovered I would be in Washington, D.C. for a night, I started calling friends, one of whom, my college buddy Sara, was happy to put me up for the night. I had not seen her in about 10 years, so it was a great treat to spend unexpected time with her. Not only that, but she had kale in her fridge, a blender, and a free pass to her gym which we used to attend a class together Saturday morning. Saturday afternoon we swam together in an outdoor pool, well after any such pool in Madison would ever be open. I also saw a high school football game that was highlighted on Fox 5 Friday night! I was well taken care of. And I got on a deep l evel that I have led my life well to be able to call on so many people to help. Of course I would do the same for all of them. Talk to strangers. In the customer support line and on various airplanes Friday and Saturday, I met some other waylaid travelers. It was good to connect with humanity. They put my situation in perspective, and helped me out by watching my bag while I went to plug in my phone, whose battery was on its last legs. One woman guided me where I needed to go in D.C. to get to the suburban Metro stop where I met my college friend Sara. I noticed I felt fairly upbeat given the monkey wrench that had been thrown into my life, and on one of my plane rides I identified why: I was talking to strangers! In an article I read on the plane in Success (which is quickly becoming my favorite magazine), I discovered that a social science study by researcher and professor at Harvard Business School, Michael Norton, Ph.D., showed that “talking with strangers can be at least as important to our daily happiness as talking to our close friends and family.” Norton confirmed this to be true regardless of personality type. I know it is true for me! I always feel more energized when I connect with the people around me than when I retreat into my shell. On Saturday night my flight departed from D.C. on time and landed in Madison 30 minutes early. My housesitter Mariah picked me up and drove me home, where I arrived fairly exhausted yet grateful. I slept well that night, knowing that I am well-loved, resourceful, connected, and able to handle the challenges that one suicidal arsonist  threw in my direction.

Explain The Biological And Social Factors Of Human Aggression

The Biological and Social Factors of Human Aggression A Brief Overview of Human Aggression Human aggression is different for everyone. Some are slow to wrath, but others have a fiery temper. Does this aggressive nature come from our genes or are we molded by our surroundings? To answer this question, we must understand what classifies as â€Å"aggression.† Aggression is defined as an action that involves the show of dominance of another person or group that comes in both verbal and physical forms (Hermann, 2017). During may aggression experiments, most test subjects are animals. Although these animals may not be the same species as humans, their physical reactions and their brain processes are quite similar to the functions a human goes through†¦show more content†¦For the study, 300 six-month-olds were observed by familiar guardians (mother, father, relatives, friends, etc.), and the child’s aggressive acts were recorded and reported by the guardians. During this stage, the infants would primarily display anger by pulling on hair, but some of them s howed through anger through hitting and biting. While between the ages of six and twelve months, displays of aggression increased in the children, but then decreased after the group was tested in a similar scenario at 33 months. In this study, aggression was defined as the use of instrumental force (tugging on the desired toy) and bodily force (physical abuse). Throughout the entire study from 6 to 33 months, the children’s ratio of use of instrumental force to bodily force was very high, with the former being observed often. This form of aggression was often used to take another child’s toy at the simulated birthday party. In conclusion, some children naturally use aggression at a young age and some do not. Genetics of Aggression In a second study, researchers looked at the potential genetic background on the Research Domain Criteria classification’s three types of aggression in twins (Veroude et al., 2016). These types of aggression were identified as frustrative non-reward, defensive, and offensive/proactive. Frustrative non-reward aggression occurs after failed attempts to receive a reward. Defensive aggression happens when there is a perceived threat.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Explaining Aggression606 Words   |  3 PagesExplaining Aggression One of the achievements of social psychology has been in extending explanations of aggression and violence away from merely being reflections of the inner state of individuals There many ways of explaining aggressive behaviour in humans. 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Biological theories hold that the biological makeup of a person influences crime.

Health Screening and History of a Young Adult Client - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1167 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Source and Reliability of Informant: Most information from the patient and additional information from the relatives Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Health Screening and History of a Young Adult Client" essay for you Create order Past Use of Health Care System and Health Seeking Behaviors: Patient has been coming to the hospital frequently due to his condition, Asthma. Present Health or History of Present Illness: Patient came to the hospital with complains of chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing sound on breathing and coughing especially in the morning or at night. Past Health History General Health: (Patients own words) Patient complains about rapid respiration and episodes of shortness of breath. Allergies: (include food and medication allergies) There is no known allergy to any food. The patient is allergic to Sulphur (drugs with Sulphur) Reaction: Asthmatic attack Current Medications: Aminophylin tabs 100mg BD Salbutamol 4mg TDS Last Exam Date: Immunizations: All childhood immunizations received. Childhood Illnesses: Asthma Serious or Chronic Illnesses: Asthma Past Health Screening (see Well Young Adult Behavior Health Assessment History Screening below) Tuberculosis screening Past Accidents or Injuries: Not had any. Past Hospitalizations: Been admitted for many times, uncountable,since childhood. Past Operations: No surgery ever done to the patient Family History (Specify which family member is affected.) Alcoholism (ETOH use/abuse): Non-alcoholic Allergies: Sulphur (mother) Arthritis: None Asthma: Mother Blood Disorders: None Breast Cancer:None Cancer (Other):None Cerebral Vascular Accident (Stroke): None Diabetes: Uncle Heart Disease: None High Blood Pressure: None Immunological Disorders: None Kidney Disease: None Mental Illness: Cousin Neurological Disorder: None Obesity: Uncle Seizure Disorder: None Tuberculosis: None Obstetric History (if applicable) Not applicable Gravida: Term: Preterm: Miscarriage/Abortions: Review of Systems (Include both past and current health problems. Comment on all present issues.) General Health State (present weight – gain or loss, reason for gain or loss, amount of time for gain or loss; fatigue, malaise, weakness, sweats, night sweats, chills ): Skin (history of skin disease, pigment or color change, change in mole, excessive dryness or moisture, pruritis, excessive bruising, rash or lesion): No history of all the above Health Promotion (Sun exposure? Skin care products?): Hair (recent loss or change in texture): No Health Promotion (method of self-care, products used for care): Nails (change in color, shape, brittleness):No Health Promotion (method of self-care, products used for care): Head (unusual headaches, frequency of headaches, head injury, dizziness, syncope or vertigo): No Eyes (difficulty or change in vision, decreased acuity, blurring, blind spots, eye pain, diplopia, redness or swelling, watering or discharge, glaucoma or cataracts): No Health Promotion (wears glasses or contacts and reason, last vision check, last glaucoma check, sun protection): Ears (earaches, infections, discharge and its characteristics, tinnitus or vertigo): No Health Promotion (hearing loss, hearing aid use, environmental noise exposure, methods for cleaning ears): Nose and Sinuses (discharge and its characteristics, frequent or severe colds, sinus pain, nasal obstruction, nosebleeds, seasonal allergies, change in sense of smell): Seasonal allergies,nasal obstruction and frequent colds are a common symptom. Health Promotion (methods for cleaning nose): By use of a clean handkerchief and the patient should do it gently so as not to cause trauma, nosebleeding Mouth and Throat (mouth pain, sore throat, bleeding gums, toothache, lesions in mouth, tongue, or throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, tonsillectomy, alteration in taste): None Health Promotion (Daily dental care – brushing, flossing. Use of prosthetics – bridges, dentures. Last dental exam/check-up.): Neck (pain, limitation of motion, lumps or swelling, enlarged or tender lymph nodes, goiter): None Neurologic System (history of seizure disorder, syncopal episodes, CVA, motor function or coordination disorders/abnormalities, paresthesia, mood change, depression, memory disorder, history of mental health disorders): None Health Promotion (activities to stimulate thinking, exam related to mood changes/depression): Endocrine System (history of diabetes or insulin resistance, history of thyroid disease, intolerance to heat or cold): None Health Promotion (last blood glucose test and result, diet): Breast and Axilla (pain, lump, tenderness, swelling, rash, nipple discharge, any breast surgery): None Health Promotion (performs breast self-exam – both male and female, last mammogram and results, use of self-care products): Respiratory System (History of lung disease, smoking, chest pain with breathing, wheezing, shortness of breath, cough – productive or nonproductive. Sputum – color and amount. Hemoptysis, toxin or pollution exposure.): Patient has had history of chest pain with breathing, wheezing, shortness of breath, productive cough, with clear sputum. Health Promotion (last chest x-ray, smoking cessation): Medication: patient on bronchodilators Cardiac System (history of cardiac disease, MI, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, chest pain, angina): Chest pain Health Promotion (last cardiac exam): Peripheral Vascular System (coldness, numbness, tingling, swelling of legs/ankles, discoloration of hands/feet, varicose veins, intermittent claudication, thrombophlebitis or ulcers): None Health Promotion (avoid crossing legs, avoid sitting/standing for long lengths of time, promote wearing of support hose): Hematologic System (bleeding tendency of skin or mucous membranes, excessive bruising, swelling of lymph nodes, blood transfusion and any reactions, exposure to toxic agents or radiation): None Health Promotion (use of standard precautions when exposed to blood/body fluids): Gastrointestinal System (appetite, food intolerance, dysphagia, heartburn, indigestion, pain [with eating or other], pyrosis, nausea, vomiting, history of abdominal disease, gastric ulcers, flatulence, bowel movement frequency, change in stool [color, consistency], diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhoids, rectal bleeding): Patient has had a history of diarrhoea once Health Promotion (nutrition – quality/quantity of diet; use of antacids/laxatives): Used anti-diarrheals Musculoskeletal System (history of arthritis, joint pain, stiffness, swelling, deformity, limitation of motion, pain, cramps or weakness): None Health Promotion (mobility aids used, exercises, walking, effect of limited range of motion): Urinary System (recent change, frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, polyuria, oliguria, hesitancy or straining, urine color, narrowed stream, incontinence; history of urinary disease; pain in flank, groin, suprapubic region or low back) None Health Promotion (methods used to prevent urinary tract infections, use of feminine hygiene products, Kegel exercises): Male Genital System (penis or testicular pain, sores or lesions, penile discharge, lumps, hernia): None Health Promotion (performs testicular self-exam): Female Genital System (menstrual history, age of first menses, last menstrual cycle, frequency of cycles, premenstrual pain, vaginal itching, discharge, premenopausal symptoms, age at menopause, postmenopausal bleeding): Not applicable Health Promotion (last gynecological checkup, pap-smear and results, use of feminine hygiene products): Sexual Health (presently involved in relationship involving intercourse or other sexual activity, aspects of sex satisfactory, use of contraceptive, is relationship monogamous, history of STD): Patient has been married for three years now, the couple has a normal sexual life with all satisfactory aspects. The relationship is monogamous. Health Promotion (safe-sex practices): Faithfulness to each other as partners. Nursing Diagnoses: Based on this health history and health screening, the following diagnoses were made; The actual nursing diagnosis made was Ineffectile breathing pattern related to airway blockage by tenacious mucous secretions as manifested by patients irregular rapid breathing pattern (Nettina, MSN, Nettina, 2013). Readiness for enhanced management of therapeutic regimen is the wellness diagnosis made. Risk diagnosis made is the risk for activity tolerance related to decreased xygenation (Holloway Galvin, 2016). References Holloway, I., Galvin, K. (2016). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Nettina, S. M., MSN, A. B., Nettina, S. M. (2013). Lippincott manual of nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

The Job Selection Criteria Free Essays

Why are you applying for the Graduate Trainee Program in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade? What skills and attributes would you be able to contribute to DFAT’s goals and work? You should give examples based on your academic achievements, work experience and/or extra-curricular activities. I deem the Graduate Trainee Program as one of the epitomes of DFAT’s thrust in showcasing the best and brightest Australia has to offer the international community. Being part of a vibrant, dedicated and diverse group of individuals entrusted to foster understanding and promote the country’s foreign and trade relations is a challenge anyone who believes in Australia should be proud to be a part of. We will write a custom essay sample on The Job Selection Criteria or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having read Politics and Government in university and presently doing my post-graduate studies in International Relations give me the fundamental, if not advanced, skills as well as awareness of local and international socio-political and economic realities of today. Complementary to my academic skills are the English language teaching experiences I have locally and abroad, which contributed immensely to my understanding of different cultures and peoples of varying age group. Being trilingual (English, Korean and street Japanese) gives me the edge to appreciate not only the language of other people but the nuances of what a language conveys, this is a paramount trait in comprehending the distinct language of diplomacy. It has helped me deal with clients in an interpretation job, students in a teaching assignment or local tribes people in medical or mercy missions. 1.Written and Oral Communication Skills Provide examples of where your written and oral communication and negotiation skills have been most effective in the workplace or elsewhere. What outcomes were achieved? One of the jobs I do on the side is translation and interpretation work from Korean to English and vice versa. This type of work deals with Korean trade delegations coming to Australia to deal with Australian business owners. Both Korean and Australian clients require submission of a written project proposal prior to getting the tasking. The proposal calls for demonstrating my competence and advanced level of understanding not only of the Korean and English languages but the cultures as well. In writing the proposal, I set my plan of action and the methodology to be used for the translation and interpretation processes. After the clients read through my proposal, I present it to both parties and convince them of my being the right person to get the job done. During the actual translation/interpretation work, I sometimes observe that the principals’ understanding of what each said to the other may get â€Å"lost in translation.† The outcome of which is that on several occasions, I had to mediate and arbitrate so that the two factions agree on correct interpretations. It is noteworthy seeing conflicting parties come to terms because of my diplomatic approach and diligence in getting the job done properly. Describe a situation in which you had to identify and analyze a problem and then recommend a solution. What was the outcome? What constraints did you face in developing the solution? Would you have done anything differently? In 2001, while doing community re-building voluntary work with the Youth with a Mission (YMAN), a non-government organization assisting marginalized communities worldwide, I was a â€Å"trainee team leader† charged with a group of young volunteers from the United States, Canada, Australia, Fiji and even Australian aborigines. We were in northern Thailand amongst the Karen and Hmong tribes and I found out that due to their patriarchal society, the males in the tribes refused to work with our female volunteers. This caused some setbacks since individual assignments were already given prior to arriving on site. As the team leader of the group, I discussed this problem with the senior team leader and recommended that we should respect their culture in order to complete the mission. I talked with the team and organised the male volunteers to work in building houses and improving the local site. The female volunteers took on the English teaching assignments and medical assistance. This went well with the local populace and we gained their respect because we demonstrated our reverence for their beliefs. I would have done things differently by studying the culture, beliefs and peculiarities of the tribes first prior to embarking on another volunteer mission. What makes a successful team, in the workplace or elsewhere? Why are you an effective team member? How have you incorporated people from different backgrounds in a team in which you have participated? Give an example of how you have contributed to a team’s achievements. Team success rests with good leadership and management. I related the leader and manager role since despite being distinct characteristics, they are inseparable traits of someone charged with such daunting assignment. A leader/manager must have the vision to effectively implement tasks and the steadfastness to successfully complete mission objectives. My value as a team member is the ability to work cohesively with each team member and agree to set aside idiosyncrasies in order to fulfill collective goals. People with different backgrounds can be incorporated in a team by appealing to their individual aims and marry them with the strategic objectives. During one of my courses in post-graduate studies, our class simulated a United Nations Security Council meeting and I played the part of the Secretary General. We were doing North Korean nuclear proliferation conflict resolution and individuals have their own opinions on how best to mitigate the problem. Playing the goodwill role, I contributed to the team output by consolidating valid points from individuals and getting a group consensus that the solution to North Korea’s nuclear arms program is by catering to the North Korean’s need for aid in exchange for reduction or total demobilization of the nuclear arms . 4.Flexibility, Adaptability and Initiative Give an example of a challenge you have recently faced in the workplace, your studies or extra-curricular activities. Describe how you addressed and overcame that challenge. What were some of the difficulties you faced? While working as a contractual English instructor in Korea, I noticed that the students learning English, though very diligent and hardworking, English have a hard time with conversational, street-speak and business English. This is due to the formation of the program wherein they learn classroom and â€Å"theoretical† English but lacking the suave and practical application. Korea is a very rigid and structured society and change usually comes at a difficult phase. I adapted and conformed to the norms of the school but took the initiative by instructing my students to prepare a five-minute oral presentation of a country of their choice. The presentations have to be made with individually hand-made posters to have more impact in terms of graphics. After each student’s presentation, critiques from the class – in English, were done and this further confirmed the value of the pioneering teaching methodology. Needless to say, my technique was adapted by other teachers, who found it more efficient than the processes they have been using for years. Even the school director was pleased with my achievement that when my contract ended, he offered to renew it but I declined since I had to go back to Australia to pursue my studies. How to cite The Job Selection Criteria, Essay examples

Melissa Virus and Its Effects on Computers

Melissa virus affects Microsoft word and spreads as an attachment. If an unsuspecting recipient opens it the virus affects the computer storage. The virus disables the mail servers of a corporate. For example, Microsoft Corporation shut down all its incoming emails because of the Melissa virus. The virus also affected other companies for example Intel.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Melissa Virus and Its Effects on Computers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The virus spread through email around the US and caused the closure of email servers in government agencies (Mills, 2009).  David L Smith, the man behind the virus was arrested. The computer programmer was found guilty of creating and distributing the virus to many computers in the world in 1999. He was detected by the IP address that was proven to be originating from New Jersey. He was given a twenty-month jail sentence and a fine of $5000. The virus pose d a security threat to government agencies because it interfered with the normal working through forced closure of email servers. The shutting down of the servers compromises the effectiveness of the agencies, and criminals could use such lapses to carry out acts that endanger the lives of the people. In conclusion, cybercrime affects security, and governments must put concerted efforts to bring the perpetrators to justice, and ensure citizens of security in the cyberspace. Moreover, people need to be educated on cyber attacks and how to avoid falling prey to cyber criminals and stay safe online. The capture of David is a good sign that the US government is serious about tackling cybercrime. The war against cybercrime is a difficult one to win because new viruses keep coming up, but if the government and other stakeholders work together, they will not be caught off guard by new viruses.  The government should devote its resources into the study and investigation of how criminals u se the click fraud system because genuine advertisers lose their money by making them pay for automated advertisement clicks. Such advertisers do not get human traffic to their sites hence cannot make sales. The attack of personal computers without the knowledge of the users is very dangerous because the virus steals personal information. The theft of identity can pose very serious risks to innocent people. Working hand in hand with other stakeholders in the cyberspace will help to apprehend criminals that pose security threats. Moreover, the government will help to cushion genuine advertisers and online users from financial frauds. More importantly, through vigorous and constant checks on cyber crimes, the government will be able to stop any threats at the early stages and mitigate large damages before they occur.Advertising Looking for report on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The kinds of cyber attacks run by Chinese hackers organizations Unit 61398 are dangerous as they breach the privacy of the US government and corporations. The hackers can steal confidential information that they can use against corporations or governments. The hackers compromised the state security with the confidential information they lay their hands on making it a very worrying trend. Stakeholders ought to work together to curb cyber attacks. However, the Chinese government denies any cyber attacks originating from its country. Hence, it is difficult to win the war over cybercrime because of the mistrust between nations; thus hackers will continue to have a field day hacking systems. Different countries must put away their differences and fight the common enemy of cybercriminals because they make the world a dangerous place for all. The fight against cyber attacks must continue. Reference List Mills, E. (2009). Melissa virus turns 10. Web. This report on Melissa Virus and Its Effects on Computers was written and submitted by user Fatima Odonnell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Addiction Essay 4 Essays

Addiction Essay 4 Essays Addiction Essay 4 Essay Addiction Essay 4 Essay INTRODUCTION Addiction is a chronic disorder proposed to be precipitated by a combination of genetic, biological/pharmacological and social factors. Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its consequences (Webster, 2003). Addiction is often characterized by a craving for more of the drug or behavior, increased physiological tolerance to exposure, and withdrawal symptoms in the absence of the stimulus (NIDA, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to review a recently published book that focuses on family involvement in addiction. The book selected for this project was, â€Å"The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment† by Dr. Carlton (Carl) K. Erickson. Dr. Erickson is a research scientist studying the effects of alcohol on the brain for over 30 years. He received his Ph. D. degree in pharmacology from Purdue University in 1965 and taught and preformed research at The University of Kansas and The University of Texas since 1969. He presently is the Pfizer Centennial Professor of Pharmacology and Director of the Addiction Science Research and Education Center in the College of Pharmacy at the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Erickson is a published professional with over 150 scientific articles and co-authored multiple books on addiction and drug abuse. As a neuroscientist, he believes that addictions are neurochemical disorders. Although, in 1988 the United States Supreme Court declared alcoholism to be willful misconduct (Gerde, 2005), Dr. Erickson bases his belief on decades of comprehensive genetic and neurobiological research that provided evidence that addiction is a disease of the brain with genetic connection. He believes if the addiction is diagnosed early it can be treated successfully. Dr. Erickson is more than qualified to speak on the subject of addiction and any subtopics related to addition. Dr. Ericksons book is written to a general audience and easy to understand. The book provides a clear and detailed overview of current neurobiological information and treatment programs for addiction based solely on science and provides a brief description of genetics. According to Dr. Erickson there have been possible causative genes identified. He emphasizes in his book that any treatment approach cannot rely on pharmacological solutions alone and that treatment must be individualized, but does not go into great detail. Although, he does refer to group, individual and family counseling his main focus is pharmaceutical treatment. The first chapter of the book clarifies the terminology used throughout the book. The next 7 chapters provide a crash course in the basics of the brain, the anatomy and neurobiology of addiction, genetics and pharmacology. Chapter 8 lists various treatment programs offered for the most widespread addictions to include several types of counseling methods and pharmaceutical treatments. Dr. Erickson focuses on addiction as a disease process and dismisses most psychological aspects of the addicted person, claiming the addicted person is not responsible for their condition. Dr. Ericksons simply ignores other research and evidence that support a psychological bases for addiction. Although there has been no clear-cut cause identified for addiction, research has identified numerous factors as potential causes. Potential cause are everything from genetic, physiological, biochemical, social and prenatal factors to emotional conflicts, personality traits, learned behavior and stress. His treatment modalities focus on pharmacological treatments disregarding the psychological piece of prevention and treatment not to mention free will and moral responsibility. Scientific research supports addiction as a disease and also supports the idea that there are psychological factors present as potential causative factors as well as plays a significant role in prevention and treatment, (SAMSHA, 2004). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) family does influence prevention and treatment. One of the individual factors related to successful prevention and treatment include motivation to change drug-using behavior and the degree of support from family and friends is crucial. It is important for the families to be part of treatment. They need to be referred to support groups designed to helping them understand their role is intertwined in the addiction. These groups will provide education about the disease in general and how they will assist in treatment. Although, Dr. Erickson has valid scientific research on the topic of addiction and his research is accepted in the medical community his treatment modalities lacks the whole person concept. NIDA agrees addiction is a disease of the brain because addiction changes the brain’s structure and how the brain works. NIDA explains, the initial decision to indulge in addictive behavior is voluntary, but over time the individual’s ability to exert self control is seriously impaired. Dr. Erickson’s book implies the primary and only contributing factor to addictive behavior is genetic. This is in contrast to NIDA research. NIDA expresses that there are many factors contributing to an individual susceptibility in displaying addictive behavior range from physical make up to environmental influences. According to NIDA only about 40% of the total contributing factors are possibly genetic the rest is psychological, environmental and by choice. The influence of the home environment is in most cases a significant influence. Parents or older family members who abuse alcohol or drugs can increase an individual’s risk of developing their own addictive behaviors. NIDA does support the ideas that addiction is a treatable disease. With the discoveries in science and research there have been many advances in addictive treatment. Like other chronic diseases, addiction can be managed successfully. Research shows that combining medications with behavioral therapy is the best way to ensure success for most patients. NIDA and Dr. Erickson agree that treatment approaches must be tailored to address each individual, but differ on the appropriate care plan. Behavioral treatments are recognized by the medical community as an essential part of addiction treatment. Behavioral treatment assists in modifying an individual attitudes and behaviors related to their addiction and increasing their skills to handle stressful circumstances and environmental cues that may trigger intense craving and enhance the effectiveness of medications (SAMSHA, 2004). Getting an addicted person to stop is just one part of the treatment and recovery process. Addiction has disrupted how they function in their family lives, at work and in the community. Because addiction can affect so many aspects of an individuals life, treatment must address the needs of the entire individual to be successful. Treatment need to meet the individual’s medical, psychological, social, vocational, religious and legal needs (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2008). This is why the best programs incorporate a variety of services into their treatment program. Successful treatment programs across the U. S. include cognitive behavioral, group and family therapies as well as motivational incentives. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps individuals recognize, avoid, and cope with the situations in which they are most likely to fall into addictive behaviors. Motivational incentives use positive reinforcement such as providing rewards or rivileges for appropriate behaviors such as for attending and participating in counseling sessions, or for taking medications as prescribed. Group therapy helps individual face their addiction realistically and come to terms with its harmful consequences, and boost their motivation. Family therapy uses the family strength to assist the individual to find resources to continue in treatment (NIDA, 2008). Dr. Erickson is definitely a qualified professional in the field of addiction and has the credentials in his field of study. He is an accepted expert and member of the medical community. Although, Dr. Erickson’s book â€Å"The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment† has valid research and support from the medical community it has areas in conflict with the medical community as a whole in the area of contributing factors for addiction and treatment modalities. His research on the contributing factors for addiction is validated by the medical and research communities, but is lacking in the complete picture of addiction including other contributing factors such as environment, psychological factors and treatment modalities other then pharmacological treatment. He does make some mention of counseling and therapy, but focuses mostly on pharmacological treatments and therapies. Dr. Erickson’s book did not add to or detract from the text used for this course. The information in Dr. Erickson’s book was straight forward and easy to follow, but could be misleading or misinterpreted simply by not including all factors related to the cause of addiction and treatment. His book was consistent with most other addiction research, but did not follow the line when it came to the whole person concept in causes and treatment. This could possibly be due to the fact that Dr. Erickson has a degree in pharmacology and is a Professor of Pharmacology. His views may be biased as a result of his profession. Although, Dr. Erickson has some differing views his research is valid and does provide useful information to base addiction research, prevention and treatment. Although, this book did not directly focus on family involvement in addition it did focus on the genetic link to addiction which is part of the theory linking family to the root of addictive behaviors. REFERENCES Capuzzi, D. Stauffer, M. (2008). Foundations of Addictions Counseling. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ Erickson, C. (2007). The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment. W. W. Norton Company, Inc: New York, NY Gerde, L. (2005). Addiction : Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven: San Diego Ca Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th Edition (2003). Merriam-Webster: Springfield, MA NIDA (2008). The Science of Drug Abuse Addiction. Retrieved 10 August 2008, from drugabuse. gov// SAMSHA (October 4, 2004). Addiction Treatment Should Include Family Therapy Practical Guidelines for Counselors. Retrieved 15 August 2008, from www. samhsa. gov/

Ancient Greek Flood Myth of Deucalion and Pyrrha

Ancient Greek Flood Myth of Deucalion and Pyrrha The story of Noahs ark is not the only flood story in mythology: There are many others. The story of Deucalion and Pyrrha is the Greek version. Like the version found in the Old Testament, in the Greek version, the flood is a means to punish mankind. The Flood in the Context of Greek Mythology According to Hesiods Theogony, there were five â€Å"ages of man†: the Gold, Silver, and Bronze Ages, the Age of Heroes, and the Iron Age. The Golden Age was a time of virtue and plenty under the leadership of the Titan Cronus. This delightful period, however, ended in a war when the children of Cronus joined together to battle against the Titans.The Silver Age began after Cronus was deposed by his children, led by Zeus. Now, instead of the Titans, the world was ruled by the Olympians. Less brilliant as the Golden Age, the Silver Age was a time during which human beings refused to obey the gods. Zeus ended the Silver Age by killing the humans who had displeased him and sending them to the underworld.After a period of time, Zeus decided to create a new type of human being. The men of the Bronze Age were strong and aggressive, with weapons, armor, and homes made of bronze. These terrible men worshiped the war god Ares, ate the hearts of their enemies, and finally destroyed one another.Disappointed by the Bronze men, Zeus sent a great flood. The flood was followed by a new era called the Age of Heroes, during which the gre at Trojan wars were fought. Great men were born during this era; after their deaths, they spent eternity in the delightful Elysian Fields. Finally, after the heroes had played their role, Zeus created the Age of Iron. As with all the other ages, it is doomed to a final failure, at which point Zeus will return to remake the world. The Story of the Flood Warned by his father, the immortal Titan Prometheus, Deucalion built an ark to survive the coming Bronze Age-ending flood that Zeus sent to punish mankind for its wickedness. Deucalion and his cousin-wife, Pyrrha (daughter of Prometheus brother Epimetheus and Pandora), survived for 9 days of flooding before landing at Mt. Parnassus. All alone in the world, they wanted company. In answer to this need, the Titan, and goddess of prophecy ​Themis cryptically told them to throw the bones of their mother behind them. They interpreted this as meaning throw stones over their shoulders onto Mother Earth, and did so. The stones Deucalion threw became men, and those Pyrrha threw became women. Deucalion and Pyrrha settled in Thessaly where they produced offspring the old-fashioned way. Their two sons were Hellen and Amphictyon. Hellen sired Aeolus (founder of the Aeolians), Dorus (founder of the Dorians), and Xuthus. Xuthus sired Achaeus (founder of the Achaeans) and Ion (founder of the Ionians).

Augmented Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Augmented Reality - Essay Example Whereas adoption of AR in businesses and organisations is still in its early stages, AR technology can be said to have matured to a position where firms can utilise it as an in-house tool to enhance as well as complement business workflow, employee training as well as processes. Augmented technology assists in business innovation through facilitating real-time making of decisions via virtual visualisation and prototyping of content. Augmented Reality also offers the uppermost advantage to efficiency.AR therefore has got the potential to enhance productivity, offer hands-on experience, make simpler current processes, amplify available information, offer real time accessibility to data, provide new methods to envisage problems as well as solutions and finally improve collaboration. Information technology organisations can make use of AR to not only bridge the digital world but also the physical world as well. Thus Augmented Reality is a unique opportunity for Information Technology to offer leadership so as to improve the firm’s interaction with its in-house user base. Nevertheless, firms have utilised AR for in house functions in the past for particular and limited assignments, developing internal solutions for utilising custom software and hardware. It is expected, in future, that firms will adopt AR, especially with the advent of handheld convenient, affordable devices like tablets and smart phones, thus making in house IR applications extensively

Interpetive journey for new testament letters Essay

Interpetive journey for new testament letters - Essay Example Modern Christians are now being swayed by different doctrines as the early Christians experienced. They also struggle with their surroundings in terms of getting rich, educated and competitive. Religions were abundantly affecting the Christians then as they do today. Greek philosophy greatly influenced them also while contemporary Christians are largely influenced by science and technological advancements. Communication is now fast and so is the indoctrination of Christians happening worldwide in just a matter of seconds. The early Christians’ faiths were tested when other doctrines were introduced to them which are almost the same in today’s religious issues. There are those who encourage other teachings because they consider Jesus as only ‘one’ among the many ways to heaven and others even use the Bible itself to explain other teachings. In the midst of these confusions, people tend to be swayed in their beliefs just as the Colossians experienced. Therefore, the words of Paul to the Colossians more than two thousand years ago still speak to modern Christians. It is a challenge for true believers in Jesus to maintain a life that is focused on Him alone and must not be swayed by other teachings. Science, money and power may say that they are what can bring people good life but just like the Greek philosophies; they cannot actually bring people to heaven where Christ is seated. Gods and goddesses of religions may be presented as powerful as God but they can never compare to the God who became like one of His creations, to die on the cross in order to save sinners. Therefore, a true Christian must fix his eyes on Jesus alone so that he would be able to see Him on His second

Leisure Time And Cultural Values Of Biodiversity Environmental Sciences Essay

Leisure Time And Cultural Values Of Biodiversity Environmental Sciences Essay Many people derive value from biodiversity through leisure activities such as hiking, birdwatching or natural history study. Biodiversity has inspired musicians, painters, sculptors, writers and other artists. Many culture groups view themselves as an integral part of the natural world and show respect for other living organisms. Popular activities such as gardening, fishkeeping and specimen collecting strongly depend on biodiversity. The number of species involved in such pursuits is in the tens of thousands, though the majority do not enter mainstream commerce. The relationships between the original natural areas of these often exotic animals and plants and commercial collectors, suppliers, breeders, propagators and those who promote their understanding and enjoyment are complex and poorly understood. It seems clear, however, that the general public responds well to exposure to rare and unusual organisms-they recognize their inherent value at some level. A family outing to the botanical garden or zoo is as much an aesthetic and cultural experience as an educational one. Philosophically it could be argued that biodiversity has intrinsic aesthetic and spiritual value to mankind in and of itself. This idea can be used as a counterweight to the notion that tropical forests and other ecological realms are only worthy of conservation because of the services they provide. Key words:Biodiversity;leisure,aesthetic Introduction Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or on an entire planet. Biodiversity is one measure of the health of biological systems. Life on Earth today consists of many millions of distinct biological species. The year 2010 was declared the International Year of Biodiversity. Biodiversity is not consistent across the Earth. It is consistently rich in the tropics and in specific regions such as the Cape Floristic Province; it is less rich in polar regions where conditions support much less biomass. Rapid environmental changes typically cause extinctions.[1] 99.9Â  percent of species that have existed on Earth are now extinct.[2] Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions have led to large and sudden drops in Earthly biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity in the Cambrian explosion-a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared. The next 400 million years was distinguished by periodic, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. The most recent, the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, occurred 65Â  million years ago, and has attracted more attention than all others because it killed the nonavian dinosaurs.[3] The term was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in a lay book[4] advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Use of the term by Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology,[5] introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term natural diversity was common, including by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, The Preservation of Natural Diversity. By the early 1980s TNCs Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins,[6] Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of biological diversity. The terms contracted form biodiversity may have been coined by W.G. Rosen in 1985 while planning the National Forum on Biological Diversity organized by the National Research Council (NRC) which was to be held in 1986, and first appeared in a publication in 1988 when entomologist E. O. Wilson used it as the title of the proceedings[7] of that forum.[8] Human benefits Biodiversity supports a number of natural ecosystem processes and services.[10] Some ecosystem services that benefit society are air quality,[11] climate (e.g., CO2 sequestration), water purification, pollination, and prevention of erosion.[11] Since the stone age, species loss has accelerated above the prior rate, driven by human activity. The exact rate is uncertain, but it has been estimated that species are now being lost at a rate approximately 100 times as fast as is typical in the fossil record, or perhaps as high as 10,000 times as fast.[12] Land is being transformed from wilderness into agricultural, mining, lumbering and urban areas for humans. Non-material benefits include spiritual and aesthetic values, knowledge systems and the value of education..[9] Human health Biodiversitys relevance to human health is becoming an international political issue, as scientific evidence builds on the global health implications of biodiversity loss.[13][14][15] This issue is closely linked with the issue of climate change,[17] as many of the anticipated health risks of climate change are associated with changes in biodiversity (e.g. changes in populations and distribution of disease vectors, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources etc.) Some of the health issues influenced by biodiversity include dietary health and nutrition security, infectious diseases, medical science and medicinal resources, social and psychological health.[18] One of the key health issues associated with biodiversity is that of drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources.[19] A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources; At least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from compounds found in plants, animals, and microorganisms, while about 80% of the world population depends on medicines from nature (used in either modern or traditional medical practice) for primary healthcare.[14] Moreover, only a tiny proportion of the total diversity of wild species has been investigated for medical potential. Through the field of bionics, considerable advancement has occurred which would not have occurred without rich biodiversity. It has been argued, based on evidence from market analysis and biodiversity science, that the decline in output from the pharmaceutical sector since the mid-1980s can be attributed to a move away from natural product exploration (biopr ospecting) in favor of genomics and synthetic chemistry, neither of which have yielded the expected breakthroughs; meanwhile, natural products have a long history of supporting significant economic and health innovation.[20][21] Marine ecosystems are of particular interest in this regard,[22] although inappropriate bioprospecting has the potential to degrade ecosystems and increase biodiversity loss, as well as impacting the rights of the communities and states from which the resources are taken.[23][24][25]. Conservation of biodiversity Conservation biology matured in the mid- 20th century as ecologists, naturalists, and other scientists began to collectively research and address issues pertaining to global declines in biodiversity.[26][27][28] The conservation ethic differs from the preservationist ethic, originally led by John Muir, that seeks protected areas devoid of human exploitation or interference for profit.[27] The conservation ethic advocates management of natural resources for the purpose of sustaining biodiversity in species, ecosystems, the evolutionary process, and human culture and society. [26][28][29][30] Conservation biology is reforming around strategic plans that include principles, guidelines, and tools for the purpose of protecting biodiversity.[26][31][32] Conservation biology is crisis-oriented and multi-disciplinary, including ecology, social organization, education, and other disciplines outside of biology.[26][28] Preserving biodiversity is a global priority in strategic conservation plans that are designed to engage public policy and concerns affecting local, regional and global scales of communities, ecosystems, and cultures.[32] Action plans identify ways of sustaining human well-being, employing natural capital, market capital, and ecosystem services.[33][34] and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Strategies for biodiversity Strategically, focusing on areas of higher potential biodiversity promises greater return on investment than spreading conservation resources evenly or in areas of little diversity but greater interest in the conservation. A second strategy focuses on areas that retain most of their original diversity. These are typically non-urbanized, non-agricultural areas. Tropical areas often fit both sets of criteria, given their natively high diversity and relative lack of development.[35] However, many animal species are migratory, meaning that focusing only on specific locations is insufficient. Wildlife corridors can help support migration, and is considerably cheaper and easier than clearing/preserving entirely new areas. Some habitats may require restoration before standard conservation techniques can be effective. Conclusions Popular activities such as gardening, fishkeeping and specimen collecting strongly depend on biodiversity. The number of species involved in such pursuits is in the tens of thousands, though the majority do not enter mainstream commerce. The relationships between the original natural areas of these often exotic animals and plants and commercial collectors, suppliers, breeders, propagators and those who promote their understanding and enjoyment are complex and poorly understood. It seems clear, however, that the general public responds well to exposure to rare and unusual organisms-they recognize their inherent value at some level. A family outing to the botanical garden or zoo is as much an aesthetic and cultural experience as an educational one. Philosophically it could be argued that biodiversity has intrinsic aesthetic and spiritual value to mankind in and of itself. This idea can be used as a counterweight to the notion that tropical forests and other ecological realms are only worthy of conservation because of the services they provide.

Older Siblings: A Second Father Figure Essay

Older siblings! Role models, influences, they carry much more responsibility than it appears. Older siblings, whether they know it or not, shape their younger one’s character and personality. Parents are important, but the older sibling may reinforce or disprove some of the lessons that the parents teach. Younger siblings may not admit to it but they look up to their older sibling and they emulate them. Older siblings particularly serve as agents of socialization who teach younger siblings by example about informal social behaviors, like how to act around friends. Younger siblings are also highly susceptible to acquiring older siblings’ negative habits, including but not limited to: underage drinking and smoking. Here’s an example, let’s look at the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, some of you may have heard of them. Wilbur was 4 years older than Orville, they basically invented the airplane and had had the first controlled, powered flight. I think it’s safe to say that if Wilbur had never played with a toy ‘helicopter’ as a child, Orville never would have had the initial interest in flying. The same could be said for the Staal brothers, they play in the NHL. if Eric had never had interest in hockey and played baseball, Jordan, Marc and Jared never would have gotten into hockey. A lot of recent research shows that children learn undesirable behaviours like smoking, drinking and other delinquent acts from exposure to an older sibling’s behaviours as well as that of their sibling’s friends. It doesn’t matter if the siblings are of a similar age or spaced years apart, or of different gender. What is important was that parents encouraged siblings to develop a relationship where there is mutual respect. Parents are better at teaching the more formal settings – how to act in public or how to have manners at the dinner table. But siblings are better role models of the more informal behaviors: how to act at school or on the street, or, more importantly, how to act cool around friends. Siblings are closer to the social environments that children find themselves in during the majority of their day, which gives them a wider influence on them. Should parents support sibling closeness or not? Studies have shown that siblings may have positive or negative effects on their younger siblings. How would parents be able to moderate what the older sibling teaches to the younger one, or what traits rub off? The best method for it would be for the older sibling to have many positive habits, so that theyre is a greater chance of those habits rubbing off.

Winston-Salem State Admissions SAT Scores, Admit Rate

French Revolution - 611 Words

Influenced Events in the French Revolution DeAnna Andrew HIS/114 April 1, 2014 Julie Thomas Influenced Events in the French Revolution What is a revolution? According to Merriam-Webster (2014), revolution is a fundamental change in political organization; especially: the overthrow or renunciation of one government or ruler and the substitution of another by the governed. Various social, political, and economic conditions led to the revolution. These conditions included dissatisfaction among the lower and middle classes, interest in new ideas about government, and financial problems caused by the costs of wars. Due to fiscal irresponsibility and the hubris attitude of King Louis XVI and other rulers after him, the French were put†¦show more content†¦They gave the bourgeoisie entry to the propertied class, and power in their government, previously controlled by the aristocracy and the monarch alone. The model of equality was presented on the evening of August 4, with the removal of outdated rights. With the abolition of their inherited honor, the upper class was subject to the identical rules as all other French citizens, producing legal equality. Equality was further established in the Declaration of the Rights of man and citizen, making admission to public offices based on capacity, virtue and talent rather than heredity or status. This granted equality marked a shift in power from the privileged aristocracy of the old regime to the growing bourgeoisie class. The ideal of Fraternity was also exhibited in the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen. With the abolition of aristocratic privilege and the rights granted by the Declaration, equality was granted to all citizens. The loyalty of this brotherhood had shifted from the monarch to the state, shown by the use of the word citizen when referring to fellow residents. This shift of loyalty was yet another example of the transition from the old order to the new. The ideals of Equality, Liberty, and Fraternity, were the driving forces of the French Revolution, and the collapse of the era of aristocratic privilege and power, to the new age with the rise of the bourgeoisie to power. The FrenchShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Revolution1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice, rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means necessary to attain theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 1.3 billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. The streets were red by the blood of bodies that were dragged from being beheaded. The economy was in bad shape. But before all of this the French had a few goals but there was one goal that they all wanted and that was to get rid of the monarchy. This idea did not arrive out of nowhere, the commoners were influenceRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1223 Words   |  5 Pages French Revolution As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. All of theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreRevolutions And The French Revolution956 Words   |  4 Pages Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799. Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas an old fortress that had served as a royal prison and in which gunpowder was stored. This will be the place where Parisian crowds will lay siege on and use the gunpowder for their weapons, and this will become a great turning point in the French Revolution. 3) The Great Fear was the vast movement that the peasant insurgency of sacking nobles’ castles and burning documents would blend into. This attack was mainly because of seigneurial dues and church tithes that weighed heavily on many peasantsRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1180 Words   |  5 PagesLooking at the historical timeline, one can see that the French Revolution derived after the Enlightenment, which brought different ways of thinking, and different outlooks on government and society (553),(555),(558). The Enlightenment also changed the world of public debate, and established some ideas central to the French Revolution. The French Revolution of 1789 occurred due to government debt, class conflict, bankruptcy, the Enlightenment, and the rule of absolutism. These social, economic, and